Internet Services, Modems & Routers, Tech Reviews, Computer Networking, Security, and more!

Afroz Ahmad – Main Author of AfrozAhmad.com

Welcome to Afroz Ahmad – I’ve been writing about computer network technologies on my blog since 2012. My name is Afroz Ahmad, and I am a seasoned Network Engineer and author of AfrozAhmad.com.

I’m a CCIE with more than 20 years of experience in Computer Networking, Data Centers, Telecom, Internet Services, Cloud and ISPs. Currently, I work as a Network Designer for a leading ISP equipment vendor. I share my expertise through my blog and courses, aiming to help people solve everyday internet issues, select the appropriate equipment for their tech needs, and simplify complex networking concepts for both beginners and experienced professionals.

Read more about me >>

Reach out to me with any questions you have on Computer Networking, Modems, Routers, Internet services, etc.

Free networking and internet tools

Eight free tools I use myself: no signup, no account, and nothing you type leaves your device. Every one runs in your browser.

Subnet Calculator

IPv4, IPv6, VLSM and wildcard masks, with the binary view.

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Wi-Fi Channel Overlap Visualiser

Find the clearest 2.4, 5 or 6 GHz channel for your building.

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Who Is My ISP?

Your provider, public IP and ASN, looked up from your own connection.

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Download Time Calculator

How long a file really takes at your line speed.

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Common Port Numbers

Searchable TCP and UDP reference, with what each port is for.

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Word Counter

Word count with readability and keyword analysis.

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See all eight tools

staying awake

How to Use Night Light in Windows 11 & 10 to Reduce Blue Light & Sleep Better

Afroz Ahmad Feb 9, 2021 4 min read
What if I say that there is one simple windows10 feature to turn off blue light, which is turned off by default and can help you sleep better, especially if you work at night on your laptop.
Installing BackTrack 5 R3 inside Vmware Workstation

Installing BackTrack 5 R3 inside Vmware Workstation

Afroz Ahmad Jan 26, 2013 2 min read

In this tutorial i will show you how to install…

Cisco Nexus VRF and OSPF Lab Configuration

Cisco Nexus VRF and OSPF Lab Configuration

Afroz Ahmad Jan 26, 2013 13 min read

Originally, this exercise was performed on the Cisco Nexus 7000…

Configure ACLs using Atomic Programming in Cisco Nexus 7000

Configure ACLs using Atomic Programming in Cisco Nexus 7000

Afroz Ahmad Jan 24, 2013 2 min read

This lab has been completed on Nexus 7010 with the…

(Legacy Guide) ASA 8.4 Site-to-Site VPN Tunnel using IKEv1

(Legacy Guide) ASA 8.4 Site-to-Site VPN Tunnel using IKEv1

Afroz Ahmad Jan 24, 2013 9 min read

This is a step-by-step guide for configuring a site-to-site VPN…

Configuring User Accounts and RBAC on Cisco Nexus Switches (NX-OS Guide)

Configuring User Accounts and RBAC on Cisco Nexus Switches (NX-OS Guide)

Afroz Ahmad Jan 23, 2013 8 min read
In this article, we will discuss Nexus 7K user accounts and RBACs
GLBP Details

GLBP Details, Configs and Load Balancing Tests

Afroz Ahmad Apr 23, 2012 26 min read
Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that attempts to overcome the limitations of existing redundant router protocols by adding basic load balancing functionality. Watch the short video and take a quiz to get a quick understanding of GLBP.
How to Copy Large Show Tech-support from Cisco Device Using Putty

How to Copy Large “show tech-support” Output from a Cisco Device Using PuTTY

Afroz Ahmad Jan 22, 2012 4 min read
How to copy a large “Show Tech-support” output from a Cisco device using Putty. This is useful in case you are unable to copy the entire content of the output in one go.
Layer 2 over WAN - Bridging

Bridging LAN Over WAN

Afroz Ahmad Nov 21, 2011 9 min read

⚠️ Legacy Technology Notice: This article covers legacy Cisco transparent…

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EIGRP Neighbor: AS Number Unknown Explained

Afroz Ahmad Nov 3, 2011 9 min read

In the dynamic world of network engineering, troubleshooting is a…

Cisco PfR/OER: Modern SD-WAN and Automation

Cisco PfR/OER: Modern SD-WAN and Automation

Afroz Ahmad Oct 31, 2011 17 min read

Today, we revisit a foundational Cisco feature: Optimized Edge Routing…

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MSDP with BGP Address-family Ipv4 Multicast

Afroz Ahmad Oct 29, 2011 11 min read

Today we delve into the foundational architecture of MSDP with…

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STP Root Guard: Automation & Best Practices

Afroz Ahmad Jun 18, 2011 10 min read
We'll discuss STP Root Guard, which prevents Layer 2 loops in network anomalies.
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Cisco 3560/3550 EOL Console Recovery Procedure

Afroz Ahmad Jun 15, 2011 18 min read

While much of the networking world has shifted towards automation…

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Cisco Configure Replace: Modern Use & Best Practices

Afroz Ahmad Jun 14, 2011 11 min read

As a network engineer, I’ve broken configs enough times to…

eBGP Peering: Intent-Based Path Selection

eBGP Peering: Intent-Based Path Selection

Afroz Ahmad Jun 13, 2011 8 min read

The backbone of inter-Autonomous System (AS) communication on the internet…

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Cisco IOS Dot1x Authentication Configuration

Afroz Ahmad Jun 12, 2011 12 min read

Ah, 802.1X authentication – a true veteran in network security,…

QinQ Tunneling

QinQ Tunneling: Modern Deployments and Automation Practices

Afroz Ahmad Jun 11, 2011 21 min read

A modern, multi‑vendor look at QinQ (802.1ad): correct TPIDs, MTU…

The Big Picture MPLS Network Overview

Foundational MPLS Terminologies

Afroz Ahmad Jun 10, 2011 11 min read

As a senior network engineer, I’ve witnessed firsthand the dramatic…

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MPLS VPN Scenario: OSPF Loopback /32 Routes

Afroz Ahmad Jun 9, 2011 9 min read

OSPF /32 Issue in MPLS VPN Scenario: A Modern Troubleshooting…